Ubumenyi shingiro / Kureka interineti

Mesh

Ubutumwa butagira interineti, nta serivisi ya selire kandi nta bikorwa remezo bya kimwe ubwoko. Ibikoresho byegeranye bihuza hejuru ya Bluetooth LE hamwe na relay kuri buriwese, ubutumwa rero bugera abantu barenze radiyo mukwiringira ibikoresho hagati.

Uru rupapuro rwahinduwe imashini kugirango byorohe. Umwimerere wicyongereza ni verisiyo ikoreshwa.

Mesh

Mesh ni transport ya kabiri ikora iruhande rwa relay, ntabwo porogaramu yihariye cyangwa itandukanye indangamuntu. Imiyoboro rusange nubutumwa bwigenga byombi birakora hejuru, kandi porogaramu ihitamo iyo inzira yo kwifatira wenyine: kohereza kumurongo ujya kuri enterineti hanyuma ugasubira kuri Bluetooth iyo ntibishoboka, mugihe urungano rwagerwaho gusa kuri radio ruguma kuri mesh inzira zombi.

Ni urujagi rwa network. Buri gikoresho gikoresha amapaki akoresha ibindi gikoresho gishobora kumva, hagati y'aho hakoreshejwe imipaka y'aho amapaki ashobora kugera ya 7, ikuraho ibintu bimwe bikaba byari byabonetse kugira ngo ipaki itazanyura kugeza ku ndunduro. Abantu babiri batashobora kumva bagenzura bagenzura bavyiyumviranije babasekeza ubutumwa igihe cyose habayeho ikiyungururamanyije cy'ibikoresho hagati yabo.

Munsi yibyo, buri jambo ryurungano rukora a Urusaku XX guhana ukuboko no kuganira hejuru yacyo Byihishe. Amapaki arapapuwe kandi, iyo manini, yacitsemo ibice, kuburyo ubunini bwiki wohereje avuga bike bishoboka bishoboka kubyo aribyo.

Imvura imenyereye gushaka uwo itumira uwo ari we wumva muri icyo gihe, bityo ibintu bitatu biba bishyira imbuto ubutumwa: ibikoresho wibuke amateka ahuriweho ya vuba ubimuherekeze uwo ari we wese watabaye, Abagenzi bari hafi batwara ubutumwa bwafunze ku muntu utagereka, n'ibyo byose byatumwe nta interineti biba yasohowe nyuma igihe interineti izongera kuzwi.

Kubifungura

Fungura paneli ya mesh ya Bluetooth hanyuma ukande Komeza. Ibizakurikiraho biterwa na ibyo urimo gukora.

Kuri Android na iOS

Porogaramu ikoresha inshingano za Bluetooth icyarimwe - kwamamaza ubwabyo no gusikana kubandi - rero ibikoresho bibiri byegeranye bihuza bititaye kubyo kimwe cyabonye ikindi. Tanga uruhushya rwa Bluetooth iyo ubajije ugasanga urungano rwonyine.

Muri mushakisha

Porogaramu y'urubuga ihuza mesh imwe binyuze kuri Web Bluetooth, kuri Chromium mushakisha: Chrome, Edge, Opera n'intwari. Kuri Safari na Firefox, idashyira mubikorwa Urubuga rwa Bluetooth, mesh igenzura ryihishe rwose aho gutangwa hanyuma bikananirana.

Kugabana mesh hamwe na Bitchat

Nymchat Bitchat's mesh protocole kumurongo, byte kuri byte - serivisi imwe ya GATT nibiranga UUIDs, umutwe umwe wapaki, ubutumwa bumwe, ubwoko bumwe bwa hop ntarengwa. Byombi porogaramu ntizinyuzwa mu kintu icyo ari cyo cyose; ziri kuri mesh imwe gusa, nigikoresho cya Nymchat nigikoresho cya Bitchat kuvumbura no guhana ubutumwa bwabitswe mu buryo butaziguye.

Menyesha paki zirashobora kandi gutwara a nostrLink: umukono uhuza kuva mesh urungano kuri umwirondoro wabo nostr. Iyo umwe ahari kandi akagenzura, urungano mwahuye hejuru ya Bluetooth yerekana nkumuntu umwe uzi uhereye kumurongo.

Irembo ry'amateka n'ubutumwa bwakorewe hasi bivugwa hano ni imiterere ya Bitchat na yo, bityo apps ebyiri ntizigira gusa ku mbuga imwe — zivugurura amateka asobanutse y'imwe n'imwe kandi zikayobora amabaruwa y'indi.

Amateka mesh itwara

Isuvya rimenyesha abantu bose bari mu bushyitsi bw'imiyoboro y'amateleviziyo n'imigaano (radio) mu gihe cyaryo. Niba unyura mu cyumba munsi y'iminota imwe, rimaze kugenda. Bityo, buri gikoresho kigumana amakuru y'ubutumwa bw'abantu bwari bwageze kuri bwo mu gihe cyashize — kugeza kuri Amasaha 6, itaganyijwe kuri packet 1,000 — kandi ihuriza hamwe iyo mwinjiro na buri peer ihura na yo, nka buri amasegonda 15. Icyo waba utari ufite, barakubohereza; icyo bo batari ufite, ubaubohereza.

Igereranywa rikorerwa itsinda rito rishingiye ku mahamwe (golomb-coded filter), bityo gusubiramo ubutumwa bungana n'ibihumbi bishobora kugura amabanga akaba ari ibihumbi by'ububiko (kilobyte) aho kuba ibihumbi ikumi n'icyenda. Ni imiterere imwe Bitchat ikoresha, bityo porogaramu zombi zikurikirana amateka yazo aho buri imwe ikaba ifite igice cy'amateka y'aho baturuka.

Icyerekezo kiba mu gikoresho, bityo kiba kigumaho no iyo terefone izimye ikongera kuzakora. Ni bwo bituma terefone ikora nk’umubwiriza w’ibitangazo: gucuka hagati y’amatsinda abiri atigeze agera mu buryo bwo gusabana, cyangwa kugaruka amasaha menshi nyuma, maze ikazana ibyo uruhande rwa kabiri rwaribagiwe.

Ibaruwa itwarwa n'abandi bantu

Niba wandikiye umuntu utari mu bubiko bw'imiyoboro ya radiyo, nta muntu uhari ushobora kumugezaho ubutumwa. Nymchat ibyemeza kuri agafunga k'uwo muntu hanyuma ikagira ibitumenye bifunze ku bagenzi bacye ba ni hafi. Bayitwara, bakayigeza niba bahuye n'uwakira.

Icyandiko nticyumvikana ku muntu wese ucyitwaye. Amakuru yonyine y'inzira ucyo kigira ni ikimenyetso (tag) kigira ko bihindagurika buri munsi kandi bishobora kubarwa gusa n'umuntu uzi akabati y'uwo ugiye kubiherekeza, bityo impapuro ebyiri zifunze yaherekejwe umuntu umwe mu minsi itandukanye atagaragara nk'ay'undi muntu uwo ari we wese. Uwiherekejwe gusa ni we ushobora kuzifungura — kandi iyo aziye, amenya uwayanditse, kuko amazina y'uwagiye kuyohereza yari yafunze imbere.

Ibisubizo ntibiyongera. Umukandara wese afite umutungo uhenze mu gice cya kabiri igihe yahaye undi uce ku gice, bityo ubutumwa bwagera ku bakandara bake cyane hanyuma bukagaruka. Ibaruwa irangirira kuri amasaha 24, kandi abavandimwe boneye bonyine baziye imiterere yabo ni bo bahabwa kabone na kabone.

Iyo bishoboka, Nymchat asiga umukandara kuri urufunguzo rimwe aho kujya kuri iyandikiro rirambye ry'uwo wandikiye. Buri gikoresho kigaragaza umugereka muto w'ibi, ubinyujijeho umukono kugira ngo bitazashobora kwigirwa, kandi uwo mugereka ugana aho ugiye nk'uko amateka y'icyerekezo akurikirana — ibi nibyo bituma bishoboka kuboneka igihe nyiraryo atariho, neza igihe ibaruwa ye irimo kwambukirizwa. Uwo wandikiye akuraho buri kaminyo (key) iyo yakoreshejwe. Icyo gukuraho ni cyo cy'ingenzi: urupapuro rwakopiywe mu kirere ntirushobora gufungurwa nyuma yaho, niyo waba uri umuntu wungukiye ku kaminyo ry'icyerekezo cy'uwo wandikiye nyuma yaho.

Igisigazwa kirategereje kuri Amasaha 48, kuko abakwirakwiza benshi bashobora kuba bafite inyandiko z'ifuza rimwe, kandi zizaza igihe abakwirakwiza babo bazahura nawe; gukura ku ya mbere byatuma buri ifuza riri ku nyuma rishobora kureba nk'ubutumwa bwabuze. Iyo umutangije atigeze abona urwego rwawe — igikoresho utari uruhanishije — bakoresha urugero rwawe rwa kera. Ubutumwa buraje; ariko gusa rya bwishingizi bukomeye burabuze.

Ibimenyetso byatumijwe nta interineti ikoreshejwe

Ubutumwa bumwe ubutumye utari kuri interineti buhindukira ubutumwa bwisanzuye binyuze mu mradiyo bitangira kugera ku muntu wese uri hafi — kandi nta wundi ubugera, kubera ko ku rwego rw'ibizamura ubutumwa (relays) bwavaga ko butariho na rimwe. Nymchat kubika ubu butumwa, kandi bukaba bukanyurwa igihe interineti yongera kuzana, bukagumana igihe bwari bwagezweho bwa mbere kugira ngo bugume aho wari wabwanditse mu kiganiro.

Umuntu wese ubu yabonye ubutumwa binyuze kuri Bluetooth ntabwo azabubona kabiri: icyanditswe cyongerewe cyifite ikimenyetso kigumya igikoresho cyabo kicyibuka. Ubutumwa bufunzwe bukarangiriza nyuma ya amasaha 24; iyitaje ntabwo igeze, yerekanywa ko yatsinzwe aho kuba igaragaramo nk'iyagiye.

Ariko ntabwo igarukira kwategereza gusa. Igihe kimwe, Nymchat isaba abagenzi bari hafi bafite signal bafashe ubutumwa bwayo bakabishyira hanze mu izina ryayo — ikuryo rimwe muri icyumba riragije kuri bose bari muri cyo. Ubutumwa businywe n'icyuma cyawe mbere y'uko bugenda, bityo umugenzi ubuwuburura aba ari nk'ikibubiko cy'ibaruwa: ntashobora guhindura ijambo na rimwe ry'ibyo ashyira hanze, kandi abasanzuriza (relays) babanga niba abigerageje. Na mu rundi ruhande ni ko bikora, bityo icyuma kitagira signal kidafite cyihariye gishobora Soma umuyoboro binyuze ku mubanyi ufite uwo

Iyi ni inzira yihutisha, ntabwo ari kopi imwe gusa. Nta kintu kibwira icyuma cyawe niba umuvandimwe wari ugiye kwandikira yabashije gushyira hanze ibyo yari yanditse, bityo ubutumwa buhindukira bugumye mu nkingi ya connection yawe mu buryo bwose. Niba byose bikora, kopi zombi ni ubutumwa bumwe rwose, kandi amavuguruzo (relays) akagumana imwe. Ubutumwa bw'inyeruro (channel messages) bugenda mu buryo bwo muri ubu buryo gusa — gusaba umuntu ko yandika ubutumwa bwite byaba byamenyesha uwo wandikira uwo uri we — kandi ntabwo bigenda mu buryo bwa Ghost Mode, aho umukono (signature) waba ugaragaza uwo uri we nyacyo.

Uburyo bw'imyuka

Igikoresho gishya ni radio itangaza inshuro nyinshi, nibyo rwose byoroshye gukurikira ahantu hamwe n'amasomo. Uburyo bwa Ghost nuburyo bwo guhitamo.

Mugihe kiri, buri ibiranga itangazo ritwara risimburwa no guta agaciro, kandi bose bazunguruka hamwe:

• urusaku ruhagaze urufunguzo - urungano rwurungano hamwe nintoki zikomoka;
• urufunguzo rwo gusinya Ed25519;
• izina rya Bluetooth ryamamajwe;
• izina;
• byatangajwe nostrLink, ikomeza kuba nyayo ariko ihinduka ephemeral, urungano rero rushobora gukomeza kukugeraho ntakintu nakimwe gikemura kuri npub yawe.

Kuzunguruka bibaho mugihe gito cyane Iminota 15. Indangamuntu guma ufunguye kugeza kuri Ibihe 8 igisubizo cyatinze rero kiracyagera, kandi a ikiganiro cyatangiye mugihe umuzimu yometse kuri mesh ibyiza aho guceceka kwimukira kumurongo munsi y'urufunguzo rwawe nyarwo.

Gusangira Avatar na banner byanze mugihe Ghost Mode ikora: ishusho isubiramo ihuza ibiri ibihe hamwe byihuse kuruta urufunguzo urwo arirwo rwose.

Imiterere ibiri y'inzira z'itangwa ziri hejuru zafunze na ryo, kubera impamvu imwe. Ikinyamazina cyahindutse icyitwa "ghost" nticyigera gisaba umuntu uwo ari we wese ko kumubamburira ibaruwa — umutumwa ukomeje urupapuro nyuma yo guhindura imiterere ni umuryanya uhuriyeho hagati y'ubwoko bw'abantu babiri. Kandi ikiganiro kishizwe ku miganire (mesh) ntikigera isubirwamo mu bafatanyabikorwa (relays), kuko iyo kopi yaba ijyanye n'urugero rwawe rw'ukuri ikabwira undi muntu neza uwo uwo "ghost" yari ari we. Ikinyamazina cyahindutse icyitwa "ghost" nticyigera gishyira hanze n'amashami (keys) akoreshwa rimwe gusa: nta kintu cyari gishobora kuzanywa cyangwa kukurirwamo kandi, bityo uru rugero rwaba ari ikindi kintu umuntu wahinduye umutwe (throwaway identity) yakwirakwiza nta ntego yo gutanga ibintu yari agiye kugeraho.

Imipaka

• Urwego ni urwego rwa Bluetooth. Metero amashumi mu mugaragaro, ariko nkeya binyuze mu nkuta. Mesh yongera intera binyuze mu guhuza ubutumwa, si ukuvugira cyane. Urutonde rw'abafatanyabikorwa (peer list) mu gace k'imashini (mesh panel) ruzakubwira uko bimeze: kora "ping" kuri peer, maze ikabubwira igihe ubutumwa bwageze n'igihe bwagarutse ndetse n'aho ubutumwa bwoherereye (hops).
• Umuyoboro mugari ni muto. Amakadiri yafashwe kuri 512 bytes nubutumwa bunini Bacitsemo ibice. Yubatswe kubwandiko, ntabwo ari kubitangazamakuru.
• Gutanga ni imbaraga-nziza. Umuvuduko w'imvura w'ingano ya 7 ntuvuga amasezerano, kandi na nzira ziwuzuzanya ntizavuga na byo: amateka yakozwe agera kuri wowe gusa niba uhuye n'ikoranabuhanga cyakubaje, kandi umutumwa akohereza gusa niba ahuye n'uwo ashaka kugezaho. Ubutumwa bufite ntakumwe n'uwo bubura bugumana icyizere, kandi nyuma ya amasaha 24 burahagarika kugenzura.
• Mucukumbuzi ni amababi, hejuru, kandi biterwa na terefone iri hafi.
• Radiyo igura bateri, kubera gusikana no kwamamaza ubudahwema nicyo gituma mesh ikora.